Development of Smart Self-Energizing Electric Vehicle for Sustainable Mobility

Abstract

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has created a need for more efficient and sustainable energy management systems. One of the major challenges faced by conventional EVs is their dependence on external charging infrastructure, which can lead to range limitations and increased downtime. This project presents the design and development of a Smart Self-Energizing Electric Vehicle that enhances energy efficiency by converting kinetic energy into electrical energy during vehicle motion. The system utilizes a flywheel-based mechanism connected to a DC generator to capture rotational energy from the wheels and generate power. This generated energy is regulated using a DC-DC boost converter to maintain a stable output voltage and is then stored in lithium-ion batteries. An Arduino-based control unit, integrated with voltage and current sensors, continuously monitors system performance and battery status. Real-time data is displayed on an LCD screen for user awareness. Additionally, the system supports both DC and AC loads through an inverter module and allows conventional charging. This approach improves energy utilization, reduces range anxiety, and contributes to environmentally sustainable transportation solutions.

Introduction

The text describes a proposed Smart Self-Energizing Electric Vehicle (EV) designed to improve energy efficiency and reduce dependence on external charging infrastructure. It addresses key EV challenges such as limited range, charging station dependency, range anxiety, and wasted kinetic energy.

The system works by capturing kinetic energy from wheel motion, transferring it to a flywheel mechanism, and then using a DC generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generated power is regulated using a DC-DC boost converter and stored in a lithium-ion battery. An Arduino-based control system monitors voltage and current in real time and displays system status on an LCD. The system can also supply power to DC loads or AC devices through an inverter.

Testing results show that higher wheel speed produces higher voltage, current, and power output, proving the effectiveness of the energy recovery mechanism. However, performance is weaker at low speeds and affected by mechanical losses.

Conclusion

The proposed system demonstrates an effective method for generating electrical energy from the rotational motion of an electric vehicle wheel. The main objective of the project was to develop an automatic power generation system that can produce and store energy without relying on external power sources. The experimental results confirm that rotational energy from the wheel can be successfully converted into electrical energy using a DC generator. The generated power is regulated through a DC boost converter and stored in a 12V battery for future use. The integration of sensors and a microcontroller improves the efficiency and monitoring capability of the system. The voltage and current sensors continuously measure the electrical parameters of the battery, and the Arduino controller processes this information and displays it on the LCD screen. This allows real-time monitoring of the energy generation and storage process. The system operates automatically as soon as the wheel starts rotating, which makes it suitable for electric vehicles and other rotating machinery. Although the generated power is relatively small, it can be used for low-power applications such as lighting and monitoring systems. Overall, the proposed system contributes toward improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable power generation technologies.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 V. G. Umale, Anurag Panchabudhe, Balesh Chaudhari, Sumit Mesharam, Vansh Kharwade, Ayush Damodhar Deshmukh . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.